An abstract machine for Oz

Oz is a concurrent constraint language providing for first-class procedures, concurrent objects, and encapsulated search. DFKI Oz is an interactive implementation of Oz competitive in performance with commercial Prolog and Lisp systems. This paper describes AMOZ, the abstract machine underlying DFKI Oz. AMOZ implements rational tree constraints, first-class procedures, local computation spaces for deep guards, and preemptive and fair threads

Systematics of Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae)—Evidence from Molecular and Anatomical Studies

A reconstruction of the phylogeny of Bromeliaceae based on sequence data from three noncoding chloroplast DNA markers (trnL intron, trnT–trnL, and trnT–trnF intergenic spacer [IGS]) is presented, including 26 genera and 33 species. Relationships of Bromelioideae and phylogeny within this subfamily were analyzed in more detail on the basis of two of these markers (trnL intron and trnL–trnF IGS) using a set of 37 genera/74 species of Bromeliaceae, including 28 genera/60 species of Bromelioideae. Sister group relationships of Bromelioideae were not resolved with sufficient reliability, but the most likely candidates are the genera Fosterella and Puya. The basal phylogeny of Bromelioideae also was not resolved. Greigia, Ochagavia/Fascicularia/Fernseea, Deinacanthon, Bromelia, and a ‘‘core group’’ of the remaining Bromelioideae formed a basal polytomy. Within Bromelioideae, the AFLP technique was applied to assess relationships among selected groups of genera. In the Ochagavia/Fascicularia group (5 species and subspecies/16 accessions), AFLP data fully confirmed the systematic relationships based on morphological and anatomical characters. Investigation of 30 Aechmea species (33 accessions), including all subgenera and one species each from the related genera Ursulaea, Portea, Chevaliera, and Streptocalyx produced no resolution for several of the species. Clades that received good bootstrap support generally did not correspond with the delimitation of subgenera of Aechmea. Additionally, leaf blade anatomy of these species was investigated. The results corresponded partly with those of the AFLP analysis. Generic rank for Ursulaea and Portea was not supported

Comparative life cycle assessment of bio-based insulation materials: Environmental and economic performances

Insulation materials decrease the final energy consumption of buildings. In Germany, fossil and mineral insulations dominate the market despite numerous life cycle assessments (LCAs) showing that bio-based insulations can offer environmental benefits. Evaluating the results of such LCAs is, however, complex due to a lack of comparability or costs considered. The objective of this study is comparing bio-based insulations under equal conditions to identify the most environmentally friendly and cost-efficient material. For this purpose, a comparative LCA and life cycle costing (LCC) were conducted from "cradle to grave" for four bio-based and two nonrenewable insulations. The bio-based insulation materials evaluated were wood fiber, hemp fiber, flax, and miscanthus. The nonrenewable insulations were expanded polystyrene (EPS) and stone wool. Key data for the LCA of the bio-based insulations were obtained from preceding thermal conductivity measurements under ceteris paribus conditions. Eighteen environmental impact categories were assessed, and direct costs were cumulated along the life cycle. Results show that the most environmentally friendly bio-based insulation materials were wood fiber and miscanthus. A hotspot analysis found that, for agriculturally sourced insulations, cultivation had the largest environmental impact, and for wood fiber insulation, it was manufacturing. The use phase (including installation) constituted a cost hotspot. The environmental impacts of end-of-life incineration were strongly influenced by the fossil components of the materials. Overall, bio-based insulations were more environmentally friendly than EPS and stone wool in 11 impact categories. The LCC found EPS and miscanthus insulation to be most cost-efficient, yet market integration of the latter is still limited. It can be concluded that miscanthus biomass is an environmentally and economically promising bio-based insulation material. Comparability of the environmental performance of the bio-based insulations was increased by applying the same system boundary and functional unit, the same impact assessment methodology, and the preceding ceteris paribus thermal conductivity measurements

Elementary laser-less quantum logic operations with (anti-)protons in Penning traps

Static magnetic field gradients superimposed on the electromagnetic trapping potential of a Penning trap can be used to implement laser-less spin-motion couplings that allow the realization of elementary quantum logic operations in the radio-frequency regime. An important scenario of practical interest is the application to $g$-factor measurements with single (anti-)protons to test the fundamental charge, parity, time reversal (CPT) invariance as pursued in the BASE collaboration [Smorra et al., Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 224, 3055-3108 (2015), Smorra et al., Nature 550, 371-374 (2017), Schneider et al., Science 358, 1081-1084 (2017)]. We discuss the classical and quantum behavior of a charged particle in a Penning trap with a superimposed magnetic field gradient. Using analytic and numerical calculations, we find that it is possible to carry out a SWAP gate between the spin and the motional qubit of a single (anti-)proton with high fidelity, provided the particle has been initialized in the motional ground state. We discuss the implications of our findings for the realization of quantum logic spectroscopy in this system.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; published versio

BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SPRINTING TO IMPROVE THE INDIVIDUAL TECHNIQUE

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to record dynamic and cinematic parameters during sprinting with maximum velocity. The sprint start is also examined. The motion analysis aims for an improvement of the individual technique METHODS: 21 male and 3 female runners took part in this study. Cinematic and dynamic parameters were recorded during start and fast running. In the sagitall plane the following parameters were analysed: joint-angles, velocities and acceleration of joints, centres of joints, joint forces and joint moments. These parameters were recorded with two high-speed cameras (250 Hz) and a 3- dimensional force platform (measuring area 240x80 cm). The experimental set-up allowed the recording of two successive steps on the force platform while the dynamical- and kinematical-data was synchronously obtained. Additionally the reaction time was measured. The reaction time is the time from the start signal to the moment the rear leg leaves the block,. The high-speed video data were interpreted with the software package winanalyze from Mikromak. RESULTS: Very different rotary actions of the shoulders to balance the hip action were observed. The main differences between the single athletes became evident in the velocities and the accelerations of the hip and the knee-angles. Particularly variable forces in the direction of movement (retarding stroke) came forward between the different athletes. The observed tendencies will be verfied in another study in June. OUTLOOK: After the inquiry of the general fitness of the sprinters the development of a special training-program for each athlete is intended in the next step. It will be based on the Multi-Joint-Concept form R. P. Narcessian. REFERENCES: Hay, J. G. (1993). The Biomechanics of Sports Techniques. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall

Proceedings - 31. Workshop Computational Intelligence : Berlin, 25. - 26. November 2021

Dieser Tagungsband enthält die Beiträge des 31. Workshop Computational Intelligence. Die Schwerpunkte sind Methoden, Anwendungen und Tools für Fuzzy-Systeme, Künstliche Neuronale Netze, Evolutionäre Algorithmen und Data-Mining-Verfahren sowie der Methodenvergleich anhand von industriellen und Benchmark-Problemen

Proceedings - 30. Workshop Computational Intelligence : Berlin, 26. - 27. November 2020

Dieser Tagungsband enthält die Beiträge des 30. Workshops Computational Intelligence. Die Schwerpunkte sind Methoden, Anwendungen und Tools für Fuzzy-Systeme, Künstliche Neuronale Netze, Evolutionäre Algorithmen und Data-Mining-Verfahren sowie der Methodenvergleich anhand von industriellen und Benchmark-Problemen